跨文化意识是综合语言运用能力的一个重要组成部分，在高中英语教学中是不可忽视的。高中英语教师应改革传统教学方法，强调对文化的导入，增强学生的文化敏感性，培养学生的跨文化交际能力。本文将探讨高中英语教学中跨文化意识培养的现状、必要性、途径和原则。
Unit 1 Good Friends
Teaching aims and demands:
a. Achieve language skills and related knowledge about the topic of friends and friendship;
b. Learn to express likes and dislikes and make apologies:
c. Vocabulary in this unit:
the words and expressions listed on the teacher’s book
d. Grammar:
Direct and indirect speech
Lesson 1
Step 1 Presentation and discussion (warm-up)
Put some new words on the blackboard and tell them something about a friend.
Kind honest brave loyal happy wise strong
beautiful handsome rich smart funny
Then ask some questions around the class and discuss with them.
What should a good friend be like?
What qualities should a good friend have?
Should they be funny, smart and strong?
Step 2 Reading
Ask the students to read the dialogue in the part SPEAKING. Ask some questions:
1.What doesn’t John like?
2.What does Joe think of music and skiing?
And then fill in the form on page 3.
Then ask the students to express their ideas freely. Encourage the students to say more about friends.
Step 3
Listening
Ask the students to listen to the tape and fill in the blanks in the listening part.
Step 4 Talking/Practice
Ask the students to page 85. Make a similar dialogue as in exercise 2.
Some useful expressions :
Why did you…? Why didn’t you…? You said that you would…
Please forgive me. You promised to … I’m very sorry… It won’t happen again. I forgot.
Step 5 Homework
Finish Exercise 3 in the workbook.
Lesson2
Step1 Revision
Ask several students to present a speech about friends as a revision.
Step 2 Pre-reading
Present the students a picture to illustrate the situation on a lonely island. Ask them to list three items in the box and ask them to give the reasons using the sentences listed on page3.
Step 3 Reading
Before asking the students to read the text, first give the students a brief introduction about Tom Hanks, his films and the film Cast Away.
Then students read the text, and answer the following questions.
1.How does Chuck Noland come to a deserted island?
2. In order to survive on the island alone, what does he need to learn?
3. What does he understand at last?
4. For us, what lesson we can learn from Chuck?
At the same time explain the language points if necessary.
Step 4 Post-reading
Discuss the following questions in the Part POST-READING.
Step 5 Homework
Prepare a talk about Tom Hanks or something about one of his film.
Lesson3
Step 1 Revision
Get the students to give a talk about Tom Hanks or something about one of his films.
Step 2 Language Study
Ask the students fill in the blanks with proper words.
Step 3 Grammar
Illustrate to the students the use of Direct and Indirect Speech.
Then ask the students to do the exercise in the Part Grammar on P5.
Step 4 Practice
Ask the students to act the exercise2 in the part Grammar out.
Step 5 Homework
Ask the students to finish the exercise2 in their workbook.
Lesson4
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework.
Step 2 Presentation
Present simples of e-mail to get the students a general idea of e-mail.
Step 3 Explanation
Tell the students some tips of writing an e-mail by learn the above e-mail simple.
Step 4 Writing
Ask the students to write an e-mail message.
Step 5 Homework
Ask the students to try to write an e-mail to their e-pal.
一.教学目标
理论依据：《新课程标准》(实验稿)
根据《新课程标准》(实验稿)关于总目标的定位及其实现途径和目标具体描述，结合高一学生实际和教材内容，我们把本单元的教学目标定为：
1) 语言知识：
单词：理解、内化、运用以下生词：seismograph; iceberg; King Tut; // roar; fright; crack; // bookworm; couch potato; workaholic;// Buddha; agent等，扫除听读障碍，重点掌握一些传神动词：advance; seize; sweep; swallow; drag; pull; flow; shake; strike; struggle等。
词组：get on one’s feet; tree after tree
语法：复习和运用定语从句用于描述人、物及事件。
2) 语言技能：
听：听懂一个关于不幸经历的小故事，抓住时间、地点、人物、发生的事件
说：能用得体语言描述人、物、事件，并且有一定的逻辑。
读：Scanning, skimming, careful reading, generalization; inference等阅读微技能训练。
写： 能运用First, Next, Then, Finally简要且富有逻辑地描写自己的一次难忘经历。
3) 学习策略：学生一定程度形成自主学习，有效交际、信息处理、英语思维能力。
4) 情感态度：学生能在多种英语学习情景中分享自己的幸与不幸，体验用英语交流的成功与喜悦，以及培养合作精神、互助精神。
重点：1. 课文中出现的重要动词,如:advance, seize, sweep, swallow, strike, struggle, drag, flow, shake, 及词组 get on one’s feet, pull oneself, tree after tree etc.
2. 用关系代词who, that, whom, whose等引导的定语从句 .
3. 用副词 first, next, then, finally 来描述一场难忘的经历.
难点: 能用得体的英语表达自己，描述过去的难忘经历。
根据我们几年来二语习得论、“整体语言教学”的理论和实践，以及当前教学改革，课程改革等先进理念，为达成上述教学目标，运用任务型教学途径，我们英语课堂设计采取“P---T---P”自主学习立体模式：(Pre-task----Task-cycle----Post-task)。
四. 教学安排
根据学生学习英语的特点和规律，学习阶段的侧重点以及高一学生的发展，我们把本单元划分为6课时：听力、口语、阅读(2课时)、语言(0.5课时)、写作、评价(0.5课时)。下面请看我们的课堂教学设计。
Period I warming up and listening
本课处于本单元的第一课时,主要训练和提高学生‘听’的技能,它的掌握有利于以下几课的‘说’、‘读’和‘写’的技能训练,并作了一个很好的铺垫.本课的听力材料由两部分组成，主要讲述Hank Stram在地震前所做、地震中所见、所闻和所感的令人难忘的经历。通过完成练习，学生能抓住所听语段中的关键词、理解话语之间的逻辑关系、听懂故事、理解其中主要人物和事件以及他们之间的关系等。而且学生能掌握较好的听力方法，如积极预测、注意抓关键词、善于跳跃难点、学会做笔记等等。通过本课学习学生能复习定语从句以及学会正确使用指人或物的关系代词.
A. Warming up :
Task 1 Matching competition (group work)
Column A Column B
1、 Fu Jian Province a、a cartoon maker
2、 San Francisco b、the electric lamp
3、 Alexander Bell c、the first telephone
4、 Thomas Edison d、earthquake
5、 Albert Einstein e、typhoon
6、 Walt Disney f、the Theory of Relativity
Question: Why do you think so ?
Task2: Looking at the following pictures, find out the answers to the questions:
1) Do you know who or what they are ?
2) What made them unforgettable?
3) Can you describe each picture using one sentence( with the help of the words under the picture)
Task 3: Let the students describe each picture with Attributive Clause.
eg: Zhang Heng is the man who made the earliest seismograph in 132.
B. Pre-listening
Task1: Before listening , let the Ss guess the possible answers to the following questions according to the situation: (group work)
1) When did the earthquake happen?
2) Where was the man driving when it happen?
3) What was he going to do?
Listening(Part 1):
Task 2: Listening to the tape to get the correct answers to the above questions.(for the first time)
Task 3: Listening to the tape to put the following into the right order.
( ) 1. I stopped the car and at the same time the road fell onto the cars in front of me.
( ) 2. I was hungry so I started to eat one.
( ) 3. I saw the cars in front of me start to move from side to side.
( ) 4. I had finished work and then gone to the Post Office.
( ) 5. I slowed down ,then my car started to shake.
( ) 6. I stopped off at a shop in order to get some fresh fruit.
( ) 7. I drove even slower, then the road above started to fall down.
Task 4: Letting the Ss listen to the tape again, then try to retell the story simply, using their own words.
Task 5 : Discussion (Group work)
What would happen to Hank Stram finally?
Listening (Part 2)
Task1: Listening to the second part to choose the best choices(for the first time)
1. Which part of his body hurt badly?( C )
A. The bottom parts of his legs
B. The bottom parts of his hands.
C. The bottom parts of his legs and feet.
2. What could he hear below him?( B )
A. Nothing B. Shouts and noise C. The noise of cars
3. How long had he been in the car?( A)
A.14 hours B. 40 hours C.4 hours
Task 2: Listening to the tape again to write the words in the spaces.
1. I ________ myself in the dark.
2. Then I remembered what______.
3. It was clear to me now that I ______ in an earthquake.
4. Then I ________ people________ towards me.
5. A team of people______ to see if anyone _____ under the broken road.
C. Post-listening:
Task 3: Discussion
What made him survive in such a terrible accident?
Period 2 Speaking
本单元的中心话题是“(杰出)女性”，话题涉及谈论及你最崇敬的女性“妇女独自南极探险”，“美国电视黑人女主持人奥普拉·温茀丽的故事”等，语言技能和语言知识都围绕中心话题而设计。本节课为此单元的第二课时——阅读课。
“读前”(Pre-reading)设计了三个有关旅行和南北极的问题，具体涉及极地探险、动物等内容, 能够诱发学生的探索精神和想象力。通过学生的讨论、探究，自主地发现下面阅读故事的背景，有助于学生正确理解文章的深层意思，真正体会主人公Helen Thayer的伟大。
“阅读”(Reading)材料是一篇记叙文，故事描叙的是作者Helen Thayer在她60岁时，独游南极洲的冒险经历。在恶劣多变的气候条件及险恶的地理状况中，作者在危急关头，虽感孤独恐惧，但表现出冷静、顽强、乐观的态度，最后克服险境。对学生今后的人生道路、心理素质、生活态度起到了陶冶和积极的导向作用。
Teaching Aims：
1 Train the students’reading ability.
2 Learn and master the following words and phrases;
1) Words: mile Antarctic threaten optimistic somehow shelter regret extreme climate value
2) Phrases: struggle through threaten to do sth lie down be thankful for in good health struggle to one’s feet make a decision
Teaching Important Points：
1. Improve the students’ reading ability.
2. Enable the student to understand the text better.
3. Let the students have strong wills and determination by reading the passage.
Teaching Difficult Points：
1. How to improve the students’reading ability.
2. The use of some useful expressions.
Teaching Methods：
1. Discussion before reading to make the students be interested in what they learn in class.
2. Fast reading to get the general idea of the text.
3. Careful reading to answer some detailed questions.
4. Individual, pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1. a map of the world
2. a tape recorder
3. a computer
Teaching Procedures：
Step I Greeting and speech
Greet the students as usual and the student who is on duty give a speech before class.
Step II Lead--in
1 Do you like travelling ?
Where do you like to travel best ?
How will you travel ?
2 Imagine you are traveling alone to the South Pole, what will you take with you ?
3 Why do polar bears never eat penguins ?
Step III Fast – reading
Ask the students to read the text quickly and silently, find the answers to these three questions .
1 How did the writer celebrate her 60th birthday ?
2 When was the writer is 60th birthday ?
3 Why did she say it was an experience she would never forget and would value for the rest of her life ?
Step IV Careful-reading
Ask students to read the text again carefully and finish three tasks:
1 Finish Exercise 1 of post-reading on page 32.
2 Fill in the form on the screen .
Time WeatherWhat did she do?/What happened to her?
began her almost 200-mile journey
3rd --11th
celebrated her 60th birthday
13th --21th----------------------
22th-----------------------
25th
----------------------
3. Do some T/F exercises on the screen.
1). She celebrated her fiftieth birthday by traveling alone to the South Pole.
2). She went to Antarctica with the dog team pulling her sled.
3). Everything went all right during the first few days.
4). During the next week the wind grew so strong that it blew away her tent.
5). She had an accident after her birthday.
6). It was all her training that helped her out of danger
Step V Listening and Consolidation
Play the tape for the students and ask them to read the text after the tape in a low voice, paying attention to the pronunciation and intonation.
Step VI Discussion
1. What kind of woman is Helen Thayer ? Describe her in a few sentences.
2. Do you admire her? Why ?
Step VII Reading together.
"If you have a goal without a plan, it's only a dream. Once you set a goal, you have to keep going. There have been a lot of times where I was determined to just take the next step. Those who can take that next step are the successful people in the world."
-------Helen Thayer
StepVIII Homework
1. Reading the text again and again after class.
2. Finish the exercises of Grammar.
Step IX Record after Teaching
1.aid 1) n.帮助，援助，资助 常见结构： first aid急救
in aid of…为了帮助…… with the aid of 借助于 ，在……帮助(救助)下
give/offer aid 援助 come to sb.'s aid 帮助某人 medical aid 医疗救护
cut off aid (突然)终止援助 a hearing aid 助听器 teaching aids 教具
他只有靠呼吸器呼吸。He was breathing only with the aid of a ventilator.
2) vt;&vi. 帮助，援助 常见结构： aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事
aid sb. in (doing) sth. 帮助某人做某事 aid sb. with sth在某事上帮助某人
① 我帮助这个可怜的女孩继续她的学业。I aided the poor girl in continuing her study.
② 我帮助她搞研究。I aided her to do her research.
2. fall ill【课文原句】
fall ill是“病倒”的意思，其中fall是连系动词,意为“成为，变成”，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
她病倒不久便去世了。She fell ill and died soon after.
知识链接:fall asleep 睡着 fall silent 沉默 fall down 摔倒
fall in love with爱上……
3.prevent sb. from doing sth【课文原句】
1)prevent/stop... (from) doing 妨碍/阻止…做某事
keep... from doing 阻止….做某事
在be prevented/stopped from doing 结构中,介词from 能省略吗?
不能 如:We are prevented/stopped from going there.
2)protect sb./sth. against/from sth. 保护…..免受…..
他带着太阳镜以挡强烈的阳光。He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
4. sense of touch 触觉 sense of sight 视觉 sense of hearing 听觉
sense of taste 味觉 sense of smell 嗅觉 sense of humour 幽默感
sense of beauty 美感 sense of direction 方向感 sense of urgency 紧迫感
5.a variety of 【课文原句】
a variety of各种各样的，多种多样的
这家商店出售各种各样的商品。This shop sells a variety of toys.
6. squeeze& over and over again【课文原句】
1)squeeze v. 压榨，挤压，塞进
squeeze out 榨出，挤出 squeeze into 挤进 squeeze…from/ out of从……榨取
① 她把一个柠檬的汁挤了出来。She squeezed the juice from /out of a lemon.
② 他挤进了拥挤的公共汽车。He squeezed himself into a crowded bus.
2) over and over again
2)over and over again = again and again, 一再,再三,许多次
我再三告诫你不要那样做.I’ve told you over and over again not to do that.
7. in place【课文原句】
in place: 在适当的位置;适宜的
你把你的东西各就各位，不然很难找。
You’d better put things back in place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things.
知识拓展: in place 在适当的位置,适当 out of place不在适当的位置，不适当
in place of 代替 take the place of 代替
短语翻译 1.阻止(某人)做……___________________________
2.触感_____________________________ 3.挤出;榨出______________________
4.在适当的位置___________________5.反复，多次_________________________
6.开展，执行______________________7.找到_____________________________
8.许多，大量_________________________9.自豪___________________________ 10.砍掉，砍伐____________________
完成句子
1. He suddenly________ _________ __________ _______(昨晚他突然病了)。
2. Sunglasses can_______ ________ ________ _________ the sun' s rays (保护我们的眼睛免受…… )。
3. You may __________ ______________(烫伤) by hot liquids.
4. These burns are not serious and they should______ ______ -______ ______ ________ _______ ___________(一天之内就会好许多)。
5. First degree burns __________ ___________when they are pressed(变成白色)。
参考答案：.
短语翻译
1. prevent sb from doing sth 2. sense of touch 3. squeeze out 4. in place
5. over and over again 6. carry out 7. put one‘s hands on
8. a number of 9. be proud of 10. cut off
完成句子
1. fell ill last night 2. protect our eyes from 3. get burnt
4. feel better within a day or two 5. turn white
Unit 5 First aid- Discovering useful structures
Ellipsis
为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。省略句的使用是为了使句子简洁明快，重点突出。
一.句子成分的省略
1. 省略主语
1)(I) Beg your pardon.
2)(It) Sounds like a good idea
2. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分
1)(Is) Anybody here?
2)(Is there) Anything I can do for you?
3. 省略宾语
A: Where has Mr. Smith gone?
B: Sorry, I don’t know (where he has gone.)
4.省略主语和谓语
1)(Are you) Hungry?
2)(I want) Orange juice, please.5.省略不定式后省略动词
A: Would you like to come to the party?
B: I’d love to (come the party.)
Now it’s your turn to find out what have been left out.
1. Haven’t seen you for ages.→I haven’t seen you for ages.
2. Some more tea? →Would you like some more tea?
3. Sounds like a good idea. →That / It sounds like a good idea.
4. Doesn’t matter. →It doesn’t matter.
5. Sorry to hear that. →I’m sorry to hear that.
6. Pity you couldn’t come. →It’s/ What a pity you couldn’t come.
7. This way, please. →Come this way, please.
8. Terrible weather! →What terrible weather it is!
9. Joining us for a drink? → Are you joining us for a drink?
10. Going to the supermarket→Are you going to the supermarket?
二.状语从句中的省略
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be, 这时从句中可出现如下结构:
①连词(as, as if, once+名词)
Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.
②连词(though, whether, when)+形容词
Work hard when (you are) young ,or you’ll regret.
③连词(when, while, though)+现在分词
While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
④连词(when, if ,even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词
⑤连词(as if, as though)+不定式
He opened his mouth as if (he were) to speak.
三.不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to
①在 expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。如:
I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to.
②在have, need, ought, be going, used等后面。
③在某些形容词pleased, glad, happy 等后面。
--Will you join the game?
--I’d be glad to.
④否定形式的省略用not to。
如果不定式中含有be, have, have been,通常保留be, have,和have been 。如:
--He hasn’t finished yet.
--Well, he ought to have.
2、-Does your brother intend to study German?
-Yes, he intends______.
A / B to C so D that
答案：B
解析 intend to 后省略了study German。
3、-Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?
-_______.
A Yes, I’d like to go to the Grand Theatre
B I’d like to, but I have an exam tomorrow
C No, I won’t
D That’s right
答案：B
解析 I’d like to 后省略了go to the Grand Theatre。
4、-You should have thanked her before you left.
-I meant_____, but when I was leaving, I couldn’t find her
anywhere. (2000北京春)
A to do B to C doing D doing to
答案： B
四.so或not的替代现象
so或not代替上文内容，与动词believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，speak，suppose，think及 I’m afraid 等连用。
注意;hope只用I hope not不能用I don’t hope so。
高考回顾
1、-After living in a village for so long, Kathy won’t want to move to a big city.
-I don’t imagine_____. (07.武汉质检)
A. so B. too C. it D. that
答案：A
2、Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost._____, their political influence should be very great. (2006广东)
A. As a result B.As usual C. Even so D. So far
答案：C
解析 Even so, 即使这样。
3、-You haven’t lost the ticket, have you?
— ___. I know it’s not easy to get another one the moment. (2004江苏)
A I hope not B Yes, I have C I hope so D Yes, I’m afraid so
答案： A
解析: 根据it’s not easy to get another one at the moment 可知说话者很珍惜。
4、-The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?
-_____.(2003北京春)
A I guess not so B I don’t guess C I don’t guess so D I guess not
答案：C
解析: I don’t guess so.相当于I don’t think so.。
考点4在than或as…as引导的从句
在than或as…as引导的从句中,常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。
He has made greater progress than (he did) before/ever.
He came home earlier than (he was) expected.
She works as hard as young people.
高考回顾
1. George offered a better suggestion to me than_____. (06.中山第一学期期末)
A Henry did to Smith B. that of Smith’s
C. Michael’s D. what Charlie offered to me
答案：D
解析: 在than 后完整的句子为Henry offered a suggestion to Smith
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